TECHNICAL

All patients, humans and animals, have a need for oxygen. An Immunogram measures the amount of, and the capability for transferring, oxygen to cells and tissues for energy usage and immune response. ROX is a measure of the oxygen reserves available and BOX is a measure of boosting these reserves. Normal ROX and BOX levels (i.e., 100) indicate a well functioning immune system. Stressed organisms lack sufficient levels of ROX and BOX.

Having saturated oxygen levels in hemoglobin within the red blood cells is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for supplying oxygen to where it is needed. A patient may have excellent blood oximetry and arterial blood oxygen readings and still suffer because the delivery mechanism of oxygen from the red blood cells to the tissues is failing.

The mechanism to deliver oxygen from red blood cells to the point of oxygen consumption is crucial. Oxygen solubility in plasma is too low to deliver oxygen by diffusion. For example, in the lymph nodes (which do not contain red blood cells), oxygen must be delivered in large amounts and focused at certain locations, such as the T-4 cell point-of-attack on a tumor. Without sufficient amounts of oxygen and focusing of the oxygen at the point of attack, the T-4 cell will also die due to the random and unfocused release of oxygen to the surrounding cells. SImple diffusion does not lead to a concentration of oxygen.

Oxygen transfers from red blood cells and concentrates into ROX bundles. Unlike free oxygen, ROX bundles move in water, plasma and tissue. ROX bundles travel to and focus on the specific point of need, and then release oxygen at the site. The release of oxygen must be sharp and focused at the point of use. If less than a critical mass of ROX exists, ROX will not focus, and radicals will be released at the surrounding tissues, causing widespread damage. This can begin a chain of events leading to disease.

For example, assuming 40 ml/min of oxygen is required by the brain, the calculated minimum ROX transfer requirement for the PD patient is 85%. If this level is not met, besides the general damage caused by radicals, glucose oxidation for energy is disrupted and high resulting glucose concentrations cause glycosylation and denaturation of proteins.

Oxygen is required for many vital functions, including energy generation, detoxification of environmental contaminants, and immune attack. This oxygen must (1) be available in large amounts, and (2) be focused sharply at a given site; for example, at the site of t-lymphocytic attack.

Oxygen leaving the red blood cell enters plasma, in which it is essentially insoluble (6 ppm, or parts per million); whereas, normal glucose concentrations of 100 mg/dl (over 1,000 ppm) require 6 molecules of oxygen for each molecule of glucose, for energy requirements. Simple diffusion: (1) cannot deliver large amounts of oxygen, and (2) cannot concentrate and focus the oxygen to required sites. Therefore, the healthy individual must have a mechanism of oxygen transport beyond hemoglobin and red blood cells. This mechanism is evaluated by measuring ROX and BOX in the blood.